Indian Context Research Articles

Cost-effectiveness of emicizumab prophylaxis for haemophilia A with inhibitors: an adaptive health technology assessment for the Indian setting

ObjectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of emicizumab prophylaxis for patients having haemophilia A with inhibitors in the Indian context using an adaptive health technology assessment (aHTA) methodology.DesignEconomic evaluation using multiple approaches...

Pharmaceutical exports and patents in India – a systems approach

Purpose The Indian pharmaceutical industry currently faces multiple challenges, including rising costs and slowing export growth, which in turn have limited its ability to expand presence in global canvas. Given the nature of sectoral dynamics, a pharmaceutical firm must undertake huge investments in R&D to introduce product innovation, in turn enhancing market share and sustaining profit streams. The development of novel medicines, confirmed by the granting of patent rights, provides a pharma company edge over its competitors. In addition, presence of innovator firms within the industry invigorates the sectoral value chain and raises efficiency. Hence, it is important to analyze whether granting patent rights enhances the exports of pharmaceutical products in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach The current study explored this question using a simultaneous-equation framework. Specifically, the authors use the methods developed by Davidson and MacKinnon (1993) and Greene (2003) to obtain heteroscedasticity-consistent estimates. The time-series properties of the data were further probed, and robust estimates were used to test the theory. Methods developed by Baltagi (1981) have been used further to refine the authors’ estimations. Findings After controlling for relevant variables, it is observed that granting of patents caused a significantly positive impact on pharmaceutical exports. Furthermore, the change in the patent administration regime had a significant impact on patent fillings, which further impacted their exportability. Compared to patents granted patents filed had a higher impact on pharmaceutical exports. Originality/value This study attempts to apply the framework developed by Goldstein and Khan (1978) with necessary modifications to suit the context of a developing country. The application of the 3SLS method to estimate the export supply equation for pharmaceutical products is a novel approach to the research question in general and to the Indian context in particular. System autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity tests were performed to refine the results further.

Determinants of electric vehicle adoption: insights from Indian states

PurposeElectric Vehicles (EVs), owing to their low carbon emissions, have gained immense importance in achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. They have also appeared as viable substitute to conventional vehicles. Aligning with global initiatives, India has created a favourable ecosystem and has implemented several policies since 2011 to achieve its target. Consequently, the market share of EVs has surged, both globally and in India, over the past decade. Taking this into account, this study aims to identify the factors that influence EVs in a developing economy using the context of India.Design/methodology/approachThis study identified important determinants of EV adoption from global literature and employed a multiple linear regression model (MLRM) using the ordinary least squares (OLS) technique. Secondary data were utilised to identify determinants in the Indian context, sourced from the Ministry, NITI Aayog, AQI, the Lok Sabha Question, and the Economic Survey of India.FindingsThis study found that the number of charging stations and local pollution levels significantly influence EV adoption in India. The insignificance of the other variables may be due to the emerging state of the Indian EV market.Originality/valueThis study adds to the growing body of literature on EV adoption in developing economies by analysing the factors that impact its adoption using regional data. In addition, this study provides a unique perspective on a developing economy and advocates a comprehensive policy for EV adoption that reflects long-term sustainability.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2023-0479.

Through the eyes of grandparents: an in-depth exploration of the nexus between grandchild caring and the psychological well-being of older grandparents

BackgroundGrandchild caring has positive as well as negative impact on the grandparents’ psychological well-being and the findings are varied by culture and country.MethodsPresent study was intended to understand the relationship between caring for grandchildren and psychological well-being of grandparents living in skipped (SGH) and multi-generational households (MGH) in Indian demographical context. The present research involved In-depth Interviews (IDI) focusing on grandparents above 60 and grandchildren below 18, where the elder played a crucial role in caregiving. The study area was Malda, a district of West Bengal in India. Purposively 24 IDIs were selected. Psychological well-being was measured using open-ended questions. Thematic and content analyses were adopted to understand the perspective of grandparents.ResultsMost of the grandparents from SGH reported depression word frequently, while grandparents from MGH reported happy. In the content analysis, grandparents from SGH expressed tension, mental turmoil, and worry about grandchild’s future. On the contrary, grandparents from MGH expressed happy, companionship, and worry about grandchild’s future. Further, full time caring, compulsive reason behind grandchild caring, and working status were linked with living in SGH and grandchild caring, which were in turn connected with deteriorate psychological health. However, in MGH, a different scenario was observed, most grandparents were partially and non-compulsively engaged in grandchild caring and had expressed positive mental health.ConclusionsThe Findings provide an intervention implication, particularly in the context of India’s ageing population and their well-being by acknowledging the influence of household structure, caring intensity, motive behind grandchild caring, and working status on their psychological health. Understanding the importance of these key factors may help the policy maker and the individual to incorporate the most effective intervention to achieve sustainable development goal 3 and healthy ageing.

Development of Social Stigma Scale in Indian Context

Development of Social Stigma Scale in Indian Context

Analyzing The Role of Digital Marketing in Growth of E-Commerce in India: A Multiple Holistic Approach

Analyzing The Role of Digital Marketing in Growth of E-Commerce in India: A Multiple Holistic Approach

ENHANCING DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements and shifting consumer behaviors, the realm of marketing has undergone a profound transformation. Digital marketing, in particular, has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary business strategies, offering unprecedented opportunities for brands to engage with their audiences in a dynamic and personalized manner. In the context of India, a burgeoning economy with a burgeoning digital landscape, the significance of leveraging digital marketing for sustainable growth cannot be overstated. The advent of digital technologies has revolutionized the way businesses interact with consumers, enabling targeted communication, real-time feedback, and unparalleled reach. From social media platforms to search engine optimization, digital channels have provided businesses with a diverse array of tools to connect with their target demographics, regardless of geographical boundaries. In India, where internet penetration is steadily increasing, particularly among the younger demographic, the potential for digital marketing to drive growth and foster sustainability is immense. However, amid the myriad opportunities presented by digital marketing, there exist multifaceted challenges and complexities that demand careful consideration. As businesses navigate the intricacies of the digital landscape, they must grapple with issues such as data privacy, information overload, and the need for authenticity in a cluttered online environment. Moreover, the pursuit of sustainable growth adds another layer of complexity, requiring businesses to balance economic objectives with environmental and social responsibilities. Against this backdrop, this study endeavors to undertake a comprehensive analysis of digital marketing strategies in India, with a specific focus on enhancing sustainability. By synthesizing existing literature, conducting empirical research, and examining industry best practices, this research aims to shed light on the evolving dynamics of digital marketing in the Indian context and identify strategies for driving sustainable growth in this domain. At the heart of this inquiry lies the recognition that sustainable growth is not merely a desirable outcome but a strategic imperative for businesses operating in the digital age. As societal expectations evolve and environmental concerns come to the forefront, businesses are increasingly being called upon to adopt practices that prioritize long-term viability over short-term gains. In the realm of digital marketing, this imperative manifests in various forms, including the adoption of eco-friendly technologies, the promotion of ethical consumerism, and the cultivation of authentic brand narratives.

An update on management of rare diseases in India

An update on management of rare diseases in India

Market power and bank risks: insights from India and Bangladesh

Purpose This study aims to investigate whether various types of risks faced by the publicly listed commercial banks of India and Bangladesh are driven by market power and provides comparative insights from both economies. Design/methodology/approach By using the adjusted Lerner index to gauge bank market power and applying the generalised methods of moments (GMM) regression approach, the research delved into the relationship between bank market power and three distinct facets of risk across a sample of 26 publicly listed commercial banks in India and 22 listed banks in Bangladesh spanning from 2011 to 2022. Findings The results indicate that for Bangladesh, both “competition fragility” and “competition stability” viewpoints coexist simultaneously across all risk types, supporting a nonlinear relationship between market power and risk. However, in the Indian context, a nonlinear association exists only in the case of credit risk, while the relationship with insolvency risk is linear, substantiating the “competition fragility view”. Apart from market power and bank-specific variables, GDP growth rate has emerged as a prominent driver across all risk categories in both countries. Research limitations/implications The filtration of banks is a limitation that might have influenced the outcomes. This study recommends that the Reserve Bank of India encourages further bank consolidation. Along the same line, Bangladesh Bank should closely oversee the growing competitive landscape. Furthermore, the regulators must monitor the elevated levels of non-performing loans to reduce credit risk so as to bolster the stability of their respective banking sectors. Originality/value This comparative study is the first attempt to analyse the market power and risk relationship and includes a novel bank-specific variable, i.e. technology, apart from other established variables.

A validation study of the Bolton Forgiveness Scale (BFS-15) in India

Purpose This study aims to validate the Bolton Forgiveness Scale (BFS) created by Amanze and Carson (2019) for the Indian population. Design/methodology/approach The data for the validation of the BFS was collected (Total N = 813) in two phases (Phase-I, N1 = 613 and Phase-II, N2 = 200) through online surveys. SPSS 26 and AMOS were used to establish the psychometric properties of the scale through internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings The results indicated the validation of the BFS in the Indian context, with a high internal consistency (a = 0.847). Confirmatory factor analysis validated the factor structure and items, along with face validity. Research limitations/implications This study offers comprehensive suggestions on the approaches to forgiveness, addresses biases, advocates for qualitative exploration and emphasizes rigour for the future research on forgiveness. Originality/value The present study validates the BFS for future use for the Indian population. The authors offer comprehensive suggestions on the approaches to forgiveness, address biases, advocate for qualitative exploration and emphasize rigour for future research on forgiveness.

Mastoid Emissary Foramina in Dry Skulls: Its Morphometry, Topography, and Associated Clinical Implications.

Mastoid emissary foramen transmitting mastoid emissary vein connects the posterior auricular vein with the sigmoid sinus. This foramen and so the mastoid emissary vein varies in prevalence, number, size and location, knowledge of which is essential for carrying out uneventful surgeries, especially retrosigmoid, mastoidectomy, and skull base surgeries. There is a paucity of literature on this foramen in the Indian context, so the study was done. The purpose of the study is to elaborate on the prevalence, number, size, and location of mastoid foramen in dry adult skulls. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy using 90 dry skulls of unknown age and sex, and prevalence, number, size, and location in these skulls were noted. The mastoid foramen was detected in 27.8% of skulls, with an incidence of 31.1% and 12.2% on right and left sides of skulls, respectively. The number of foramina ranged between 1 and 4. The mean diameter of this foramen was 0.9mm, and the most frequent location was mastoid process. The detailed morphology and morphometry of mastoid foramen are of utmost use to neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, radiologists, and vascular surgeons as it transmits mastoid emissary vein and meningeal branch of the occipital artery, which may be injured during various surgical procedures involving mastoid region and skull base causing catastrophic hemorrhage. In addition to this, mastoid emissary vein may be the source of thrombus, causing thrombus of sigmoid sinus creating helm of neurological complications.

Quality management practices enhance the legitimacy of organizations through improved performance: a perspective from oil processing industries

PurposeQuality management practices (QMP) have stood as one of the critical strategic differentiators for enhancing firm performance. The production and manufacturing industry is the main driving force of economic growth and social development for any developed or developing country. This study aims to focus on two primary dimensions of QMP: soft quality management practices (SQMP) and hard quality management practices (HQMP) from the socio-technical system perspectives. Based on institutional theory perspectives, the study explores the impact of SQMP and HQMP on quality performance (QP), innovation performance (IVP) and financial performance (FP) in Indian oil processing organizations.Design/methodology/approachA proposed research model is validated using 289 cross-sectional survey data collected from the senior officials of oil processing firms in India. Covariance-based structural equation modeling is used to verify the proposed theoretical model.FindingsSQMP, directly and indirectly, influenced QP and IVP while only indirectly to FP mediated through QP. HQMP directly impacted only QP while indirectly to IVP and FP mediated through QP.Research limitations/implicationsImpact of organizational legitimacy in proper utilization or application of QMP in achieving the firm sustainable growth. The future study may address the following Research Question (RQ) also: How do QMP enhance the legitimacy of organizations operating in the oil processing industries? Are there specific mechanisms or pathways through which improved performance contributes to enhanced organizational legitimacy? How does legitimacy impact the success and sustainability of organizations, particularly, within the context of the oil processing industries? Are there regulatory requirements or industry certifications that organizations must adhere to in order to maintain legitimacy?Practical implicationsSimilarly, manufacturing firms establish QMP of interaction and maintaining relationships with all the stakeholders, total employee empowerment and involvement, workforce commitment and workforce management, helping to control their reputations and maintain legitimacy (Li et al., 2023). Similarly, in the health industry, the health management information system (HMIS), which uses the DHIS2 platform, establishes that isomorphism legitimizes data QMP among health practitioners and, subsequently, data quality. Further, it was concluded that mimetic isomorphism led to moral and pragmatic legitimacy. In contrast, normative isomorphism led to cognitive legitimacy within the HMIS structure and helped to attain the correctness and timeliness of the data and reports, respectively (Msendema et al., 2023). Quality, flexibility and efficiency of Big Data Analytics through better storage, speed and significance can optimize the operational performance of a manufacturing firm (Verma et al., 2023).Social implicationsThe study provides the academician with the different dimensions of QMP. The study demonstrates how a firm develops multiple performance capabilities through proper QMP. Also, it shows how vital behavioral and managerial perspectives are to QMP and statistically solid tools and techniques. The study draws their importance to risk factors involved in the firms. Since the SQMP play a vital role, thus, emphasis on the behavioral dimension of quality requires more investigation and is in line with hard technological advancements in the quality field.Originality/valueThe study of the impact of HQMP and SQMP on performance is still not established. There are inconsistencies in the findings. The study of the impact of HQMP and SQMP in oil processing industries has not dealt with before. The effects of HQMP and SQMP on the firm’s FP have least been dealt. In context to the intended influence of QM implementation, QP has not been examined as a potential mediator between FP. Research carried out in the past is limited to American and European countries. However, a limited study was done in Asia, and no study has been conducted in the Indian context.

Open Defecation, Livestock Ownership, and Child Nutritional Status in India.

South Asian children are among the most severely malnourished worldwide. One prominent hypothesis is that open defecation in the local area exposes children to human fecal pathogens that can cause diarrhea and malnutrition. Much of the existing research uses district-level measures of open defecation, which could mask important local-area variation. A second hypothesis is that animal fecal matter is a major source of exposure. This analysis tested these dual hypotheses using census data collected from 949 villages in Tamil Nadu, India, and a survey conducted in a random sample of 5,000 households in the same area. The final analytic sample consisted of 2,561 children aged 0-10 years. We estimated the association between the measures of village- and household-level open defecation, household livestock ownership, and child height-for-age Z-scores in a regression framework, controlling for potential confounders. Results revealed that village- and household-level open defecations are negatively associated with child height. There was an estimated difference of approximately 0.5 height-for-age Z-score between children living in villages with no open defecation and children in villages where all households practiced open defecation (P = 0.001) and a 0.2 Z-score difference between children living in households that practiced open defecation and those living in households that did not (P = 0.001). Livestock ownership was not associated with child height. Overall, the findings provide evidence on the centrality of open defecation in explaining persistent child malnutrition in India and the higher risk of exposure to human fecal pathogens compared with animal feces in the south Indian context.

Development of International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Core Sets for Lower Extremity Osteoarthritis within Indian Context: A Study Protocol

Background: Properly understanding the functioning and health status of lower extremity osteoarthritis (LEOA) is needed to optimize interventions to enhance function and minimize disability. The available International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Core Sets (CS) for osteoarthritis are not specific to the lower extremity. They are strongly influenced by Western sociocultural values that may be inappropriate in the Indian context. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present the proposed process for the development of the ICF CS for LEOA, specifically for the Indian population. Materials and Methods: The first stage is to identify ICF categories significant for LEOA using four preparatory studies: (a) a systematic literature review to compile the researcher’s perspective by identifying functional outcome measures, (b) a qualitative study using focus group interviews to identify patients’ perspective, (c) an expert survey to identify experts’ perspective, and (d) a cross-sectional, multicenter study. The first version of the comprehensive and brief ICF-CS for LEOA will be developed through a consensus process using a Delphi exercise, integrating the evidence from the preparatory studies. In the final stage, field testing on Indian patients will validate the first version of the CS for LEOA. Conclusion: The proposed protocol to develop ICF-CS for LEOA may provide the basis for a generally agreed-upon standard that allows a comparison of functioning in clinical practice, research studies, quality management, and reimbursement that are relevant for patients with LEOA and health-care providers in Indian contexts.

Does Female on Board Affect M&A Participating Firms’ Performance? Empirical Evidence from India Using Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of gender diversity and female leadership position on the firm performance of Indian listed firms participating in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activities. Available research has focused on a small sample of firms and considered ‘gender diversity’ as the only variable. Bearing this in mind, this study focusses on the leadership positions females hold on corporate board along with gender diversity affecting the firm performance measures for the sample of M&A participating firms, as M&As lead to major restructuring of the board. The ‘gender diversity’ is measured with the number of females present on corporate board as directors, ‘leadership position’ is measured with females holding the position either as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or Chairperson on the board. The study employs panel data set for Indian non-financial National Stock Exchange listed M&A participating firms for the period 2013–2020. Using a system of GMM dynamic panel estimates, the study analyses the relationship between gender diversity and females’ varied leadership position on the firm performance measures, that is, return on asset, Tobin’s q. The findings reveal that there is a positive association between gender diversity and firm performance measures. Females holding the top leadership positions as either CEO or Chairperson on the board positively impact the firm performance measures. This study adds to the existing literature on gender diversity at the board level and M&A literature in the Indian context. JEL Codes: G 3, G 34, J 16

Exploring Financial Literacy: A Study of Socioeconomic Factors

This research project examines the relationship between socioeconomic factors and financial literacy among individuals in India. The study utilizes primary data collected through structured questionnaires from a diverse sample of respondents engaged in personal finance management. Descriptive analysis reveals that the average age of respondents is 24.4 years, with a wide range of income levels ranging from ₹0 to ₹200,000. Inferential analysis, including correlation and regression, indicates a significant positive correlation between income levels and financial literacy ratings. Furthermore, younger individuals and those with higher education and income levels exhibit better financial literacy. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted financial education programs, early financial literacy initiatives, income-related interventions, and continuous learning opportunities to enhance financial literacy and promote economic stability in India. This research contributes to the understanding of the determinants of financial literacy and provides insights for policymakers, educators, and financial institutions to develop effective strategies for improving financial well-being in the Indian context.

Factors Affecting Consumer Behaviour In Indian Fashion Retail Industry- A Study Of Recent Trends And Preferences.

This study investigates the multifaceted realm of consumer behavior within the Indian fashion retail industry, focusing on the intricate interplay of various factors shaping purchasing decisions. With an ever-evolving market landscape, understanding recent trends and preferences becomes paramount for businesses striving to remain competitive and relevant. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of literature and empirical research, this paper aims to dissect the intricate web of influences that drive consumer behavior in the Indian context. Key factors such as cultural nuances, economic dynamics, social influences, and technological advancements are scrutinized to unravel their impact on consumer preferences and buying patterns. Through surveys, interviews, and data analysis, insights are gleaned into the evolving tastes and preferences of Indian consumers in the realm of fashion retail. Additionally, the role of marketing strategies, brand perception, and customer experience in shaping consumer decisions is explored. The findings of this study not only provide valuable insights for businesses operating in the Indian fashion retail sector but also contribute to the broader understanding of consumer behavior dynamics in a rapidly evolving market environment. By staying attuned to the pulse of consumer preferences and adapting strategies accordingly, businesses can navigate the complex terrain of the Indian fashion retail industry with agility and foresight.

Does eLearning Require 
Self-regulated Discipline? Measuring and Validating a Scale for Online 
Self-regulated Learning Quotient

Self-regulation has gained much prominence due to its necessity and significance in eLearning environment. The nature of eLearning mandates higher self-regulation to attain efficacy. In this article, we study the Online Self-regulated Learning Quotient (OSLQ) scale as it is a pioneering scale that has been verified for studying self-regulation in eLearning environment. The literature delineates the need to empirically examine the reliability and validity of the OSLQ in various contexts. This study was conducted in two phases on business school students from tier one management institutes in India. In phase 1, we performed qualitative analysis through focus group discussions on a sample of 24 respondents to check the content validity of the scale. In phase 2, we performed quantitative analysis on a sample of 528 respondents. Exploratory factor analysis in phase 2 of the study confirmed six factors. Confirmatory factor analysis in phase 2 of the study confirmed scale validity. Based on the findings, we conclude that OSLQ is a valid and reliable scale to assess self-regulation among Indian students in eLearning context. These findings have added to the theoretical legitimacy of the scale. In terms of practical implication, our findings suggest that OSLQ may be employed in an Indian context. This has significant implications for future research in self-regulation studies in India, especially in the context of eLearning.

Crafting Inclusive Marketing Campaigns: Insights and Influential Factors in the Indian Context

With increasing diversity of consumers in the marketplace, marketers have begun to embrace inclusive marketing practices. However, there is still a lack of research on the topic, making it difficult for managers to understand how to design and execute effective campaigns. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying the key factors that contribute toward an impactful inclusive marketing campaign. The study used a sequential mixed-methods approach and first conducted interviews with 29 LGBTQIA+ and non-LGBTQ consumers to gain insights into their perceptions of effective inclusive campaigns. In the study’s second phase, ten industry experts provided inputs for the Fuzzy DEMATEL method to identify critical factors for an effective campaign. The findings revealed seven essential factors: social acceptance of the community, use of community-specific symbols, authentic communication about community issues, top management’s approach, inclusive hiring practices, brand history, and legal market structure, which were then grouped into social, communication-related, brand-related, organization-specific, and other macro-level categories. The study fills an important gap in the inclusive marketing literature and can serve as a practical guide for marketers to design and implement inclusive campaigns.

Management of traumatic brain injury in India: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract* Introduction This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to evaluate the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in India, addressing a critical gap in the understanding and treatment of TBI in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite advancements in healthcare focusing primarily on communicable diseases, TBI remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients and their families. Recent interest has surged in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a novel treatment for TBI, necessitating a comprehensive review of its therapeutic benefits. Methodology The study will source articles from PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, targeting a range of studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and cohort studies. The review will exclude case series, review articles, and studies not reported in English. The primary aim is to collate evidence-based data on TBI management, with particular focus on the Indian healthcare context, evaluating the efficacy of current treatments and the potential role of PRP in enhancing neurological function and recovery post-TBI. Data management will involve a rigorous selection process, with independent reviewers conducting initial screenings and resolving discrepancies through discussion or arbitration. A PRISMA flow diagram will illustrate the study selection procedure, and a standardized form will be used for data extraction, ensuring thoroughness and consistency. Conclusion By highlighting current knowledge gaps, this systematic review and meta-analysis will guide future research directions and clinical practice, potentially revolutionizing TBI management strategies in LMICs. This protocol underscores the necessity for high-quality, evidence-based approaches to TBI treatment, aiming to improve patient outcomes through enhanced management practices.